Q02 — 非糖尿病 CKD 患者是否應使用 SGLT2 inhibitor?

分類:啟用決策 (Initiation) 版本:v1.6 更新日期:
臨床結論:成人 non-DM CKD 若 eGFR≥20 且 UACR≥200,或合併心衰竭,KDIGO 2024 以 1A 強度建議使用 SGLT2i。IgA 腎病變有最直接的 GN subgroup 支持。

Bottom Line

可以,但要依情境分層。

  1. 強烈建議使用(KDIGO 2024, 1A)

    • 成人 CKD,eGFR ≥20 mL/min/1.73m² 且 UACR ≥200 mg/g
    • heart failure不論是否有 albuminuria、也不論是否有 diabetes
  2. 可考慮使用(KDIGO 2024, 2B)

    • eGFR 20–45 mL/min/1.73m² 且 UACR <200 mg/g
  3. 不要過度外推

    • IgA nephropathy 有最直接的 GN subgroup 證據
    • FSGS / membranous nephropathy 可視為在 broader proteinuric CKD evidence 下合理考慮
    • ANCA-associated vasculitis / lupus nephritis 目前不宜寫成已被大型腎臟 outcome trials 充分驗證的族群

Why This Matters

SGLT2 inhibitors 最早多被視為 diabetes 藥物,但大型 CKD outcome trials 已證明:在 non-diabetic CKD 中,這一類藥物也可明顯降低 kidney disease progression 與 cardiorenal events 的風險。這改變的不是單一疾病,而是整體 CKD disease-modifying therapy 的版圖。

對臨床最重要的重點,不是「有沒有 diabetes」,而是:


Key Evidence

Landmark Trials

TrialYearPopulationKey FindingEvidence Level
DAPA-CKD2020CKD with or without diabetesDapagliflozin 降低 primary composite outcome;是 non-DM CKD 腎臟保護的重要奠基 trialPivotal RCT
DAPA-CKD: participants without diabetes20211,398 non-diabetic participants效益與整體 trial 一致;non-DM subgroup 的 primary composite endpoint HR 0.50 (95% CI 0.35–0.72)Pre-specified subgroup analysis
EMPA-KIDNEY2022/2023Broad CKD population; 54% without diabetesEmpagliflozin 降低 kidney disease progression or CV death;納入較低 eGFR 與較低 albuminuria 族群Pivotal RCT
EMPA-KIDNEY secondary analysis2024CKD with and without diabetes; broad albuminuria range重要訊息:albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat;顯示低 albuminuria 族群也不應被直接排除Prespecified secondary analysis
DAPA-CKD IgA nephropathy subgroup2021270 patients with IgA nephropathyPrimary composite outcome HR 0.29 (95% CI 0.12–0.73)Pre-specified analysis,非 post hoc
EMPA-KIDNEY long-term follow-up2025Broad CKD populationActive + post-trial combined period 仍見持續 cardiorenal benefit;支持長期效益延續Long-term follow-up of pivotal RCT

What the evidence supports best


Guideline Position

KDIGO 2024(最核心)

ESC 2023(HF 情境支持)

較精確的引用名稱應為: 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

其意義是:若 non-DM CKD 患者同時有 HF,SGLT2i 的適應性更強,且不是「低風險、可有可無」的族群,而是高獲益族群

Finerenone / GLP-1 RA 的位置

因此若要在本 note 提到 finerenone / GLP-1 RA,應標示為:


Clinical Decision

建議啟用的主要情境

1) Albuminuric non-DM CKD

2) CKD + heart failure

3) eGFR 20–45 且 UACR <200 mg/g

4) Glomerular disease 的實務寫法


Baseline Assessment

Core baseline items

Not mandatory as a universal prerequisite

以下項目可視情況做,但不應寫成所有 non-DM CKD 啟用前的必要條件


Initiation Protocol

Drug choice

How to frame drug choice

Patient education points


Follow-up and Monitoring

Early follow-up

較實務的寫法:

What to expect

Monitoring style

UACR interpretation


Temporary Hold / Avoid

暫停較合理的情境

Routine initiation 不建議的情境

Already on therapy, then eGFR drops below 20?


Adverse Effects: How to write them correctly

Genital mycotic infection

較穩妥的寫法應是:

不建議寫成:

UTI

Ketoacidosis

Hypersensitivity


Practical Algorithm

成人 non-DM CKD

先問:是否有 heart failure?
   → 是:強烈支持使用 SGLT2i(independent indication)
   → 否:往下看

UACR ≥200 mg/g 且 eGFR ≥20?
   → 是:強烈支持使用
   → 否:往下看

eGFR 20–45 且 UACR <200?
   → 是:可考慮使用(2B)
   → 否:證據較不直接,需個案化判斷

確認目前是否有不適合啟用的狀態:
- active AKI / evolving AKI
- critical illness / hemodynamic instability
- prolonged fasting / perioperative state
- dialysis / KRT

若可啟用:
- choose dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or empagliflozin 10 mg daily
- educate on sick-day hold / genital infection symptoms / hypotension symptoms
- reassess clinically when indicated, especially early in higher-risk patients

Uncertainty and Limits of Extrapolation

1) Low-albuminuria non-DM CKD

2) Rare / immune-active glomerular diseases

3) Initiation below eGFR 20

4) Long-term and pediatric data

5) Combination therapy questions


Ongoing / Contextual Trials to Track

StudyRegistryStatus / Relevance
EMPA-KIDNEY KidsNCT07107945Recruiting;兒童與青少年 CKD(2–17 歲)
CONFIDENCENCT05254002Completed;但研究對象是 adult participants with CKD and type 2 diabetes,不是 non-DM CKD
EMPA-KIDNEY long-term follow-upPublished 2025支持 benefit 可延續,但這是 long-term follow-up,不是 ongoing pediatric / phenotype-expansion trial

Metadata


References Used for This Revision

  1. KDIGO 2024 CKD Guideline Executive Summary https://kdigo.org/
  2. DAPA-CKD. PMID: 32970396
  3. DAPA-CKD non-DM subgroup. PMID: 33338413
  4. DAPA-CKD IgA subgroup. PMID: 33878338
  5. EMPA-KIDNEY. PMID: 36331190
  6. EMPA-KIDNEY secondary analysis. PMID: 38061371
  7. EMPA-KIDNEY long-term follow-up. PMID: 39453837
  8. ESC 2023 Focused Update on HF. https://www.escardio.org/guidelines/
  9. FARXIGA FDA label. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/
  10. NCT07107945 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07107945
  11. NCT05254002 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05254002
  12. PMC8729835 — DAPA-CKD exclusion criteria

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